Extreme outdoor heat NEUTRALIZED by retractable roof and full air conditioning. Indoor temp controlled to ~22°C.
Heat risk eliminated. Equal conditions for all teams. Roof expected closed for all summer matches.
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Houston, USA | Capacity: 72,220 | Retractable roof + full AC
HEAT (NEUTRALIZED): This stadium features a retractable roof with full air conditioning. Indoor temperature is controlled to approximately 22°C regardless of outdoor conditions. This eliminates any heat-based advantage or disadvantage — all teams play in equal, controlled conditions.
Source: Esh et al. 2026, "Evidence-Based Guidelines to Protect Player Health and Performance from Environmental Challenges", Sports Medicine (DOI: 10.1007/s40279-026-02398-4)